Standar Akreditasi Rumah Sakit Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. HK.01.07/MENKES/1128/2022

Akreditasi adalah pengakuan terhadap mutu pelayanan rumah sakit setelah dilakukan penilaian bahwa rumah sakit telah memenuhi standar akreditasi yang disetujui oleh Pemerintah. Dalam upaya meningkatkan cakupan akreditasi rumah sakit, Pemerintah mendorong terbentuknya lembaga-lembaga independen penyelenggara akreditasi serta transformasi sistem akreditasi rumah sakit. Sejalan dengan terbentuknya lembaga-lembaga independen penyelenggara akreditasi maka perlu ditetapkan standar akreditasi rumah sakit yang akan dipergunakan oleh seluruh lembaga independen penyelenggara akreditasi rumah sakit dalam melaksanakan penilaian akreditasi.

Proses penyusunan standar akreditasi rumah sakit diawali dengan pembentukan tim yang melakukan sandingan dan benchmarking standar akreditasi dengan menggunakan referensi Standar Nasional Akreditasi Rumah Sakit Edisi 1.1 dari Komisi Akreditasi Rumah Sakit, Joint Commission International Standards for Hospital edisi 7, regulasi perumahsakitan serta panduan prinsip-prinsip standar akreditasi edisi 5 yang dikeluarkan oleh The International Society for Quality in Health Care (ISQua). Selanjutnya dilakukan pembahasan dengan melibatkan perwakilan dari lembaga independen penyelenggara akreditasi rumah sakit, organisasi profesi, asosiasi perumahsakitan, rumah sakit dan akademisi.

Selanjutnya hasil diskusi tersebut dibahas lebih lanjut oleh panelis penyusunan standar akreditasi rumah sakit dengan mendapat masukan secara tertulis dari lembaga independen penyelenggara akreditasi rumah sakit. Penyusunan standar akreditasi rumah sakit mempertimbangkan penyederhanaan standar akreditasi agar lebih mudah dipahami dan dapat dilaksanakan oleh rumah sakit. Sehingga tersusun yang akan menjadi acuan untuk meningkatkan mutu dan keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit, sebagai acuan bagi lembaga independen penyelenggara akreditasi rumah sakit dan rumah sakit dalam penyelenggaraan akreditasi rumah sakit, serta menjadi acuan bagi Kementerian Kesehatan, Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi, dan Dinas Kesehatan Daerah Kabupaten/Kota dalam pembinaan dan evaluasi mutu dan keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit.

Standar akreditasi terbaru sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor Hk.01.07/Menkes/1128/2022 Tentang Standar Akreditasi Rumah Sakit dapat dibaca pada link berikut

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Highlights shared from hospital Quality of Care Report

Wide Bay Hospital and Health Service has shared its highlights from the 2020-2021 Quality of Care Report. It also details the standard of care provided to patients across a wide range of performance and quality measures, providing transparent results against Queensland standards.

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Current evidence on organisational learning from patient complaints

Patient complaints provide excellent opportunities to improve care. Indeed, they are just as valid as the learning opportunities reported by staff through patient safety systems (Clwyd and Hart, 2013; Christiaans-Dingelhoff et al, 2011). Such complaints can be defined as an expression of grievance or dissatisfaction with a healthcare setting or service, which can be raised by the patient or someone on their behalf (Reader et al, 2014).

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Ketidakserasian antara Kebijakan Penanganan Pasien UGD dengan Praktek yang Terjadi, Mengapa?

Masalah kesehatan di Indonesia masih menjadi perhatian banyak instansi pemerintah dan masyarakatnya. Karena kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan tidak sesuai dengan praktek yang dilakukan para tenaga kesehatan di lapangan. Mengapa kebijkan yang telah ditetapkan tidak dijalankan sesuai dengan tujuan meningkatkan derajata kesehatan? Apakah sulit menjalakan kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan? Salah satunya kebijakan yang ada di UGD (Unit Gawat Darurat) setiap instansi kesehatan.

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Pengukuran, Evaluasi, dan Tindak Lanjut dari Pengalaman Pasien

Kebutuhan dan harapan pasien harus dapat diketahui oleh lembaga penyedia layanan maupun orang yang menjadi pelaku layanan. Organisasi pelayanan perlu mengembangkan mekanisme untuk mengenal kebutuhan dan harapan pasien, baik melalui surveilan, diskusi kelompok terarah, seminar, maupun kegiatan sosial dan informasi dalam upaya menangkap aspirasi pasien. Masukan tentang kebutuhan dan harapan pasien tersebut ditindaklanjuti dalam bentuk pengembangan rancang bangun sistem, dan proses pelayanan yang memungkinkan dokter dan staf memberikan perawatan yang lebih efektif.

Tanggapan pelayanan terhadap kinerja pelayanan yang diterima, baik puas atau tidak puas perlu juga di ukur, di evaluasi, dan ditindaklanjuti. Data mengenai kepuasan pasien dapat diperoleh dari berbagai sumber, antara lain survei kepuasan pasien. Ukuran-ukuran kepuasan pasien dapat meliputi 5 faktor, yaitu kenyamanan untuk melakukan akses, luaran pelayanan, lingkungan, perilaku karyawan, dan prosedur pelayanan. Tidak dianjurkan untuk melakukan dalam skala besar, tetapi survailans dalam skala kecil dan berkesinambungan.

Penilaian terhadap kenyamanan dapat dikembangkan dalam beberapa pertanyaan meliputi kemudahan untuk menghubungi, ketersediaan informasi yang dibutuhkan, ketersediaan waktu dan tempat dibutuhkannya pelayanan, serta lokasi yang mudah dijangkau. Luaran pelayanan meliputi manfaat pelayanan, reliabilitas, jenis-jenis pelayanan yang ditawarkan, ketepatan waktu, dan tarif pelayanan. Lingkungan pelayanan meliputi ketersediaan sarana komunikasi umum, lingkungan yang menarik dan sejuk, dan kejelasan serta ketersediaan tanda petunjuk arah. Penilaian terhadap karyawan meliputi kepedulian karyawan terhadap kebutuhan pasien, kompetensi karyawan. Kesediaan karyawan untuk melayani, serta keramahan dan sikap menghargai pasien. Penilaian terhadap prosedur meliputi prosedur pelayanan yang nyaman dan mudah, kecepatan dan lama pelaksanaan prosedur, prosedur yang tanggap terhadap individual, dan informasi tentang perkembangan proses pelayanan.

Pengukuran yang dilakukan, baik untuk mengenal kebutuhan dan harapan pasien, kepuasan pasien maupun saran dan komplain yang diajukan harus dianalisis. Hasil analisis disampaikan kepada berbagai unit kerja yang terkait untuk kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan kegiatan perbaikan yang nyata. Unit kerja diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang diangkat oleh pasien yang tidak puas dengan cara yang tepat karena penilaian yang ada dapat memberikan informasi yang mengarah pada perbaikan dalam pemberian layanan, bila kebutuhan dan harapan pasien ditangani dengan benar dengan sistem yang baik maka dapat meningkatkan reputasi organisasi dan memperkuat kepercayaan pasien.

Upaya perbaikan dan tindak lanjut dari pengalaman pasien dapat dimulai dengan mengikuti siklus PDCA, meliputi perencanaan (Plan), dikerjakan (do), cermati hasilnya (check) dan amalkan untuk seterusnya (action). Terlebih dahulu menetapkan apa yang menjadi sasaran perbaikan sebelum dilakukannya perubahan (setting aims), dilanjutkan dengan cara untuk mengetahui bahwa perubahan yang dilakukan akan menghasilkan perbaikan (measurements). Setelah menetapkan sasaran perbaikan dan menetapkan pengukuran atas perubahan, barulah ditetapkan dan direncanakan kegiatan-kegiatan perbaikan pada apa saja yang perlu dilakukan dalam bentuk siklus PDCA.

Disarikan oleh: Andriani Yulianti (Peneliti Divisi Manajemen Mutu, PKMK FK-KMK UGM)

Sumber:

  • Koentjoro, T. (2007). Regulasi kesehatan di Indonesia.
  • Spath, P. (2009). Introduction to healthcare quality management (Vol. 2). Chicago: Health Administration Press.

 

Aktivity Tahun ke-1

A. INTRODUCTION

Based on the Ministry of Health act no 45 2014, Public health surveillance is a systematic activity and continous analysis of disease or health conditions that could affect the disease transmission. It is necessary to provide early warning for the potential outbreak event and measure to control it effectively and efficiently. Disease surveillance is regulated in Ministry of Health act no 1479 2003. Currently, 23 disease symptom had been regularly monitored using SKDR (Sistem Kewaspadaan Dini dan Respon ~ Early Warning Alert and Respons System (EWARS)) through routine message from 10232 primary health care (Puskesmas) in 34 provinces of Indonesia. Fast and accurate information could become a foundation the have a strategic regulation in national or provincial level.

Data interoperability were still an issue in Indonesia. This is due to the difficulties of the technical aspect, such as different application used in province, district or puskesmas. These application has different database or naming, that create a difficulties in combining together. Many puskesmas also still did not have a dedicated person who were specifically assigned to manage the disease surveillance.

International Health Regulation (IHR) had been proved able to counter the spread of H1N1 pandemic in 2009. Indonesia had also fully adopted IHR in 2014. The IHR external evaluation in 2017, mention that Indonesia capable to manage the future pandemic since we already have the regulation. However in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, there still a hole in the Indonesia health system that cause an increase in number of COVID-19 patient.

For the first year activity, INSPIRASI will measure the gaps of Indonesia surveillance system and the preparedness to prevent the potential outbreak event. Together with the Ministry of Health we will improve the province / districts surveillance capacity to identify and respons to public health threat.

B. OBJECTIVES

  1. Identify Gaps in Indonesia Surveillance System, range from early detection procedures, surveillance registration, case reporting, analysis and dissemination of feedback on surveillance results to the public
  2. Assess the ability of PHEOC at the provincial level in dealing with an epidemic or pandemic
  3. Assess the routine immunization coverage activities by comparing service data for 2018 – 2020.
  4. The implementation of national academic discussions and work area distribution on infectious disease surveillance in Indonesia.
  5. Disseminate the results of gap study on disease surveillance in Indonesia.
  6. Training for province and districts surveillance and utilization of data surveillance for early outbreak detection.
  7. Conducting interoperability data surveillance improvement with PUSDATIN and MoH.

C. ACTIVITY TIMELINE

Activity Description Status at Time
Strategi 1. Strengthen Real-Time Surveillance and Reporting  
Objective 1.1 Accurate assessment of indicator and event-based surveillace and reporting systems to detect public health threats  
1.1.1 Identify gaps in MOH surveillance response to public health threat  
1.1.1.1 Development of the interview guidelines  
1.1.1.1.1 Validate Focus Group Discussion and Indepth Interview question Completed
1.1.1.1.2 Develop interview guideline Completed
1.1.1.1.3 Interviewer training Completed
1.1.1.2 Conduct Interview and data analysis  
1.1.1.2.1 Initial meeting with MoH Completed
1.1.1.2.2 Interview and FGD with respondents Completed
1.1.1.2.3 Quantitative data gathering from MoH and Public Report Completed
1.1.1.2.4 Develop data analysis and verbatim Completed
1.1.1.2.5 Results of assessment on surveillance & PHEOC gaps in Indonesia Completed
Objective 1.2 Improve interoperable, interconnected, electronic real-time  
1.2.1 Improve surveillance coordination and report on gaps in surveillance  
1.2.1.1 Kick off seminar and meeting  
1.2.1.1.1 Seminar for improving the quality of disease surveillance during a pandemic 14 Februari 2021
1.2.1.1.2 Meeting Coordination with MoH (P2P and Pusdatin) in Jakarta 12, 13, 14 Januari 2021
1.2.2 Integrate MOH data source from disease surveillance using web portal  
1.2.2.1

Map and define data standards between the health information systems and SKDR

  1. Metadata Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan 2017-2018
  2. API PCare dan VClaim
  3. Mapping_icd10_SKDR
  4. 23 Penyakit SKDR
  5. Mapping data element and data value
  6. Mapping FHIR Resource data element Surveillance
  7. Mapping Clinical Documentation
 
1.2.2.1.1 Discussion with DIY Province Health Office 10 Februari 2021
1.2.2.1.2 Discussion with BPJS Kesehatan 4 Maret 2021
1.2.2.1.3 Discussion with MoH (Pusdatin, Yankes, P2P/ Surveilance Unit, P2JK) 1 Maret 2021
1.2.2.1.4 Discussion with representative hospital and primary health care 3 Maret 2021 dan 9 Maret 2021
1.2.2.1.5 Data mapping based on the previous discussion (SKDR, P-Care and INA-CBGs database)
[report ada di bagian 1.2.2.1]
Completed
1.2.2.1.6 Identification coding used among information system, ie., ICD-10 codes, 23 code syndrome in EWARS
[report ada di bagian 1.2.2.1]
Completed
1.2.2.1.7 Identification of program languange from each information systems and databases, and Identification of opportunities and challenges to build data communication (bridging) among information systems.
[report ada di bagian 1.2.2.1]
Completed
1.2.2.1.8 Identification of algorithm to improve the early detection on SKDR website
[report ada di bagian 1.2.2.1]
Completed
1.2.2.1.9 Identification of data sharing needs among information system to strengthening the Indonesia’s surveillance system, and to develop data sharing agreement
[report ada di bagian 1.2.2.1]
Completed
1.2.2.1.10 Technical consultation based on result needs analysis and surveillance data mapping
[report ada di bagian 1.2.2.1]
Completed
1.2.2.2 Development of interoperability architecture  
1.2.2.2.1 Identification of short-term, mid-term and long-term roadmap to build bridging mechanism among information system with several consideration, includes personal data protection Completed
1.2.2.2.2 Gap analysis on FHIR resources with used information systems (P-Care, INA-CBGs, SKDR and HER) Completed
1.2.2.2.3 Develop interoperability architecture among system with possible options to be implement or trial Completed
1.2.2.2.4 Developing FHIR Profile for interoperability surveillance information system Completed
1.2.2.2.5 Developing FHIR server for interoperability trial among systems (P-Care, INA-CBGs and SKDR) Completed
1.2.2.3 Development of data sharing agreements and protocols in line with the existing system from local to national level  
1.2.2.3.1 Audience with MoH (Pusdatin, Yankes, P2P/ Surveilance Unit, P2JK) Completed
1.2.2.3.2 Audience with BPJS Kesehatan Completed
1.2.2.3.3 Audience with Province and District Health Office and Health Care Facilities (Primary Health care and Hospital) Completed
1.2.2.3.4

Kick-off stakeholders meeting for signing data sharing agreement and protocols

 

Completed
1.2.2.4 Development of SKDR website with MoH  
1.2.2.4.1 Technical Discussion with SKDR website developer Completed
1.2.2.4.2 Develop a sample website of data Integration between BPJS data and SKDR Completed
1.2.2.4.3 Finalization development of SKDR website Completed
Objective 1.3 Increase capacity of Indicator based surveillance and event system  
1.3.1 Conduct training of staff on COVID-19 and other priority disease data analysis and data communication  
1.3.1.1 Strengthen capacity of Province and District Health Office on the Surveillance for COVID-19 and other priority disease  
1.3.1.1.1

Finalize the modules and curriculum of Surveillance for COVID-19 training

Draft Curiculla off Early Warning and Response (SKDR) Training for surveillance staff in District Health Office

Completed
1.3.1.1.3 Web-based accredited training for Early Warning and Response (SKDR) Training for surveillance staff in District Health Office Completed
1.3.1.1.4 Report and dissemination of results Completed
1.3.2 HR Capacity Building in data analysis (national and sub-national)  
1.3.2.1 Development of interactive dashboard to improve alert and response of SKDR (Android or web based)  
1.3.2.1.1 Development of an interactive dashboard to support the alert system in the SKDR Completed
1.3.2.2 Evaluation of training and implementation of the system development in Sulawesi Selatan  
1.3.2.2.2 Report and dissemination of results Completed
2. Strengthen Real-Time Surveillance and Reporting  
2.1 Capacity to activate emergency operations  
2.1.1 Established or strengthen provincial PHEOC in South Sulawesi  
2.1.1.1

Executives Summary Review Public Health Emergency Operation Center Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Maros

 
2.1.1.1.1 1 April 2021
2.1.1.1.2 Assessment by on site visit 6-9 April 2021
2.1.1.1.3 Completed
2.1.1.2 Peningkatan Kapasitas PHEOC Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Maros  
2.1.1.2.1 Workshop to develop PHEOC Steering committee Completed
2.1.1.2.2 Define Scope of Works of each entity in PHEOC Completed
2.1.1.2.3 Develop a workshop for PHEOC operational structure Completed
2.1.1.2.4 Reports and dissemination the results Completed
2.1.2 Capacity building of Province PHEOC staff to improve accurate and timely  
2.1.2.1 PHEOC Training (web learning) Completed 
2.1.2.1.1 Preparation of curriculum, modules, and training methods (Workshop emergency management system; Logistics during emergency; Workforce mobilization and coordination; etc) Completed
2.1.2.1.2 Finalize curriculum, modules and training methods Completed
2.1.2.1.3

Web based PHEOC training

2,3,8, dan 10 Juni 2021
2.1.2.2 Evaluation of competency improvement and preparation of further plans in developing PHEOC capacity  
2.1.2.2.1 Evaluation by on site visit Completed
2.1.2.2.2

Reports and dissemination of evaluation results

Completed
2.3.1 Development of surveillance for health care worker morbidity and mortality for COVID – 19  
2.3.1.1 Development of surveillance for health care worker morbidity and mortality for COVID – 19  
2.3.1.1.1 Discussions with the IDI Mitigation Team and MoH Completed
2.3.1.1.2 Completed
2.3.1.1.3 Development of an integrated system for collecting and reporting data on morbidity and mortality for health workers Completed
3. Others  
3.1 Writing a Scientific articles  
3.1.1 Gaps assessment in the surveillance system of Indonesia Completed
3.1.2 The potential usage of National Health Insurance Claim as the complementary data for EWARS in Indonesia Not Started

 

 

Aktivity Tahun ke-2

1.2 Second year activities for Strengthening National Real-Time Surveillance and Reporting System (SKDR)
Below is the workplan and timeline for the 2nd year activities, the activities numbering system is continuing the previous year.

Code Activity description 2021 2022
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.3.4 Integrate MoH database between Surveillance and BPJS system                        
1.3.4.1 Development of data sharing agreements and protocols in line with the existing system from local to national level x x
1.3.4.2 Development of data interoperability technical guidelines between MoH and BPJS-K x x
1.3.4.3 Finalization of technical Interoperability scenario, data use, and security measure x
1.3.4.4 Integrate MoH database between Surveillance and BPJS system x
1.3.4.5 Embedding BPJSK-based surveillance data into current SKDR Dashboard x x x x x
1.3.4.6 Security assessment and bug fixes in the live SKDR Dashboard x x x

2.2 Second Year Activities for Strengthening National Surveillance and Reporting Capacity of PHO and DHO staff
Below is the workplan and timeline for the 2nd year activities, the activities numbering system is continuing the previous year.

Code Activity description 2021 2022
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.3.3 Strengthening National  Surveillance and Reporting Capacity of PHO and DH staff                        
1.3.3.1 Development of training module x x                    
1.3.3.2 Curation learning material into online platform x x                    
1.3.3.3

Initiating the onsite SKDR training course materials in the province of Yogyakarta

    x                  
1.3.3.4 Evaluation and revision of training material     x x                
1.3.3.5 Online SKDR Surveillance Training in South Sulawesi Province         x              

3.2 Second Year Activities for Strengthening PHEOC in South Sulawesi Province
Below is the workplan and timeline for the 2nd year activities, the activities numbering system is continuing the previous year.

Code Activity description 2021 2022
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2.1 Capacity to activate emergency operations                        
2.1.1 Established or strengthen provincial PHEOC in South Sulawesi                        
2.1.1.3 Development of PHEOC e-learning content x                      
2.1.1.4 Development of Health Office Public Health Emergency Plan   x x x                
2.1.1.5 Integration and strengthening of PHEOC in Public Health Emergency Plan         x x            
2.1.2 Capacity building of Province PHEOC staff to improve accurate and timely                        
2.1.2.3 Small / large outbreak case simulation through table top exercise             x x x      
2.1.2.4 Dissemination and Evaluation of PHEOC exercise to Crisis Centre                   x    

4.2 Second Year Activity fo Development of National Covid-19 Surveillance for Health Care Worker
Below is the workplan and timeline for the 2nd year activities, the activities numbering system is continuing the previous year.

Code Activity description 2021 2022
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2.2 Development of surveillance for health care worker morbidity and mortality for COVID – 19                        
2.3.1 Development of an integrated system for collecting and reporting data on morbidity and mortality for health workers                        
2.3.1.2 Development of technical document for COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality Surveillance System for Health Workers x x                    
2.3.1.3 Development of the healthcare worker surveillance application system in MoH     x x x x x          
2.3.1.4 Dissemination of the healthcare worker surveillance system to Professional Organization             x x        

5.2 Second Year Activity for Scientific Contribution through Publications
Below is the workplan and timeline for the 2nd year activities, the activities numbering system is continuing the previous year.

Code Activity description 2021 2022
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3.1 Writing a Scientific articles                        
3.1.2 Technical article on BPJSK administrative database for surveillance activity in Indonesia             x x x      
3.1.3 Policy brief on …… jurnal public health review                   x x x