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Screen Shot 2019 06 20 at 10.37.02 AMOne morning in 1952, when anesthesiologist Dr. Virginia Apgar was eating breakfast in a hospital cafeteria, a medical student commented on the need for a way to assess how well a baby has endured delivery.

Dr. Apgar immediately wrote down five evaluation criteria: breathing, heart rate, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin color.

One year later, Dr. Apgar suggested that using these five criteria to generate a score is an effective way